Vinyl Pressing

Supplying audio masters

Your audio masters for vinyl pressing can be supplied as zipped WAV files via our ftp upload site (contact us for details), by wetransfer, dropbox or via CD-R/retail-ready CD—along with a full tracklist, timings and side splits.

The standard bit rate to press vinyl is 24 bit/44.1KHz. The master should be fully edited and as you want it to sound, with all tracks in the correct order and with your desired gaps between each track.

It is important to allocate your vinyl pressing master a catalogue number (you create this). This number should be unique and will be applied to your label and sleeve artwork so that each part is correctly married-up to ensure your final product is correct. If supplying your master as WAV files, place the track information text file and audio files within one single zipped folder before uploading.

Tracklist and side splits
We need a complete tracklist supplied with every record pressing master. The list should contain the names of all the tracks, each track’s duration and the side splits for correct separation into side A and side B. These are mandatory requirements.

Hidden tracks and unusual features
When pressing vinyl with hidden tracks or any unusual features this should be clearly communicated to us at the ordering stage. Provide the track number, name and time and details of your special requirements. Examples include long gaps between tracks, very quiet passages or deliberate use of electronic buzz, distortion etc.

Playing time
The quality of vinyl audio is directly affected by the distance between the record grooves and therefore the playing time of the record. Exceeding the maximum recommended playing lengths below can compromise the audio quality of the record, with bass heavy recordings particularly problematic:

At 33 rpm:

• 12” - 19 mins per side
• 10” - 14 mins per side

At 45 rpm:

• 7” - 5 mins per side
• 10” - 10 mins per side
• 12” – 15 mins per side

Vinyl cutting

Once your vinyl record masters and order are received, we cut the audio to either lacquer or direct to copper plates (DMM) depending on various factors. Both lacquers and DMMs are created on a special lathe which looks like a large record player and works rather like a record player's phonograph pick-up in reverse, where the audio is converted to mechanical motion. The cutting stylus, mounted in the head, cuts a precise spiral groove across the plate spinning at an exact speed of 33 & 1/3 or 45rpm, and vibrates to transfer the recording. Once the cut has taken place, lacquers are processed, firstly to a negative using nickel and an electroplating process, then again to create a positive. These are then plated once more to form the stampers (negatives again), which are then used to press the final records. Coppers are processed directly to stampers.

Pressing vinyl

Vinyl is pressed by placing a puck of vinyl, sized roughly quarter of the area and three times the thickness of the final record, between the A & B side stampers and sandwiched by printed labels. Using steam at approximately 300ºC, the vinyl is heated and forced under pressure into every groove of the stampers. At a predetermined moment the steam is replaced by cold water and the record is instantly hardened. After coming out of the hot vinyl press the newly made record has its ragged edge neatly trimmed by a circular cutting device.

Test Pressings (TPs)
TPs are supplied for you to check whether the A and B sides are correct and the music is in the right order. It is too late to change levels and EQ at this stage. Breed Media are unable to further your order until you have approved your test pressings.

Packing
Your records are hand-packed. Some vinyl record pressing plants pack directly into a ‘bag' (a sleeve without a spine), but as vinyl manufacturing is very old fashioned most factories pack manually. Therefore, most record manufacturing runs will include a hand-packing charge. Stickers and inserts are normally hand-packed too. We require an accurate description of the required sticker position. You should always consider where any shop placed pricing stickers may appear (usually top right). Hand-packing is charged per movement.

Coloured vinyl

Coloured vinyl record pressing is undertaken using different source material to solid black vinyl and the quality of sound may vary slightly because of this. In particular, higher noise levels and isolated static sounds (clicks) may appear in the lead-in and lead-out grooves, in the track crossovers and at any quiet points of the recording.

In general, the more transparent the colour, the better the sound quality, with opaque colours tending to display a higher noise level. Vinyl colours may appear to vary depending on light, background and opacity. As coloured vinyl is produced from several batches of source material, small variations in colour may appear throughout a run. Coloured vinyl records may also show run-marks, spots or slight traces of other colours as machines cannot run 100% clean. It is no longer possible to match vinyl to Pantone colours. It should also be noted that colours seen on websites and print-outs are for guide purposes only and may not closely resemble the colour of the pressed records.

CD Manufacturing

Supplying a CD master

We ask that you supply a DDP file that contains an MD5 checksum. Alternatively a Red Book CD-R along with a tracklisting. Remember the final CD you receive will be an exact replica of the one you supplied. Please keep a back-up copy of your CD master and your artwork. 

It is important to allocate your master a catalogue number (you create this). This number should be unique and will be applied to your CD label and artwork so that each part is correctly married up to ensure the final product is correct.

CD Text

CD text is something that can be written in to your DDP or CD-R master and can be viewed on players that display CD Text eg CD & Car CD players. CD text does not affect iTunes or Windows Media etc.. To populate listings on iTunes and Windows Media you need to contact Gracenote.

ISRC

The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) system is the international system for the identification of recorded music and music videos. Each ISRC is a unique identifier that can be permanently encoded into a recording or music video. Encoded ISRCs automatically identify recordings for PPL payments for radio plays.

PPL is the appointed sole agency for ISRCs in the UK. You should request an ISRC 'stem' (or first registrant code) when you become a PPL recording rightholder member. This stem is three letters allocated in sequence from PPL's database that are specific to each recording rightholder member.

Key Production is unable to generate ISRCs, but can add the codes you obtain from the PPL on to your CD master for a small fee.

Glass Mastering

A glass master, used for CD replication, consists of glass, optically ground and polished, then coated with photoresist. A laser exposes a pattern of pits – the digitised sound information – into the photoresist coating. Exposed pits are etched away (developed) to generate the final pit structure. This is then coated in silver to form the master. Electroforming replicates the master layer in a nickel-plating bath, forming a negative (father). Multiple positives (mothers) are made in order to produce negatives (sons/daughters) which are used as stampers in the moulding process.

Please note that within the prices quoted and charged, we are offering the service of providing a glass master as a means to press CDs or DVDs. The Glass Master remains the property of the pressing plant and cannot be released to you to store or press elsewhere.

CD Replication

The stampers are then used to replicate CDs in an injection moulding process. Hot polycarbonate is forced under high pressure into a circular mould containing the stamper and then cooled so the polycarbonate takes on the mirror image of the mould. A thin metal “reflective layer” is added to one side of the disc. This reflective layer allows the laser to read the digital data that is created by the pits. Finally, a lacquer coating is added to protect the replicated CDs. This process makes about 100 CDs per hour.

Label (onbody) printing

The pressed CDs are then moved to a printing machine where, using the label artwork with your catalogue number, silk screen or litho onbody printing is applied. From there the discs are moved to the packing area and depending on the packaging are either machine or hand packed. Booklets, inlays and wallets are usually all machine packable, but items such as digipaks and stickering are hand packed and a charge is made per hand pack movement.

CD Duplication

CD duplication is the process whereby blank discs are copied for low quantity manufacture. For quantities smaller than 500 (the minimum for CD replication), Breed Media offers a CD duplication service. This service provides a cost effective, yet high quality alternative for small runs and fast turnaround.

DVD Manufacturing

Supplying DVD masters

Supply a DLT (Digital Linear Tape) or a DVD-R for DVD replication. If you require CSS encryption please supply ensure we are aware before you master as we can advise how it is applied. Please keep a back-up copy of your DVD master and your artwork.

DVD-5, DVD-9 and DVD-10

The standard DVD has a capacity of 4.7GB in a single layer, single-sided form known as DVD-5. This is over seven times the capacity of a CD and allows full color printing on one side of the disc. Greater capacity can be achieved using DVD-9 (8.5GB) and DVD-10 (9.4GB) formats.
 

Glass Mastering

A glass master consists of glass, optically ground and polished, then coated with photoresist. A laser exposes a pattern of pits - the digitised sound information - into the photoresist coating. Exposed pits are etched away (developed) to generate the final pit structure. This is then coated in silver to form the master. Electroforming replicates the master layer in a nickel-plating bath, forming a negative (father). Multiple positives (mothers) are made in order to produce negatives (sons) which are used as stampers in the DVD replication moulding process.

Please note that within the prices quoted and charged, we are offering the service of providing a glass master as a means to press CDs or DVDs. The glass master remains the property of the pressing plant and cannot be released to you to store or press elsewhere.

DVD Replication

The stampers are then used to replicate DVDs in an injection moulding process. Hot polycarbonate is forced under high pressure into a circular mould containing the stamper and then cooled so the polycarbonate takes on the mirror image of the mould. A thin metal "reflective layer" is added to one side of the disc. This reflective layer allows the laser to read the digital data that is created by the pits. Finally a lacquer coating is added to protect the disc. This process makes about 100 DVDs per hour.

Label (onbody) Printing

The replicated DVDs are then moved to a printing machine where, using the label artwork with your catalogue number, silk screen or litho onbody printing is applied. From there the discs are moved to the packing area and depending on the packaging are either machine or hand packed. Booklets, inlays and wallets are usually all machine packable, but items such as digipaks and stickering are hand packed and a charge is made per hand pack movement.

DVD Duplication

DVD Duplication is the process whereby blank DVDs are copied for low quantity manufacture. For quantities smaller than 500, Breed Media offers a DVD duplication service. This service provides a cost effective yet high quality alternative for small runs and fast turnaround.

Artwork

Supplying artwork

Accepted Formats

To avoid extra charges, all artwork should be supplied as follows:

• You must supply Final Print Ready PDFs.
• Conform to the specifications outlined in our Artwork Guide PDF.
• Artwork must be set out on our templates.
• Please also supply native (original) file formats (using InDesign where possible) along with fonts with your final print ready PDFs. We provide templates in Adobe InDesign and as Acrobat PDFs.

How to Supply

You can supply your artwork to our Breedport WeTransfer Page, via email or an online file delivery service such as Dropbox.

PDF Proof Approval

Before your artwork is printed we will send you PDF proofs of your designs for final approval. In order to proceed with the order, you must reply by email to approve the PDFs. This PDF is NOT to be used for colour approval due to variances in screen settings and resolution. Please check all other aspects including, but not limited to: position, spelling, fonts, bleed, barcode, vinyl a/b sides, overprint and knockout.

Digitally printed proofs are available at cost on request. However, digitally printed proofs are not available for reverse board printing (see below). Wet proofs are also available at cost on request. Press passes can be arranged for UK manufacture at cost, but UK manufacture is not included in the prices quoted on the website.

Please be advised that any additional proofing will increase production turnaround times.

Reverse Board Printing

Reverse board print involves printing on the uncoated (or reverse) side of the board as opposed to the standard coated side. As it is uncoated, the ink will sink into the board creating a ‘duller’ printed finish. Comparing reverse board printing to standard coated board printing will show a marked difference in the end result. If you choose reverse board, be aware that your PDF proof will not take this effect into consideration. Also be aware that if you are printing over two formats where one is on reverse board and the other is on standard coated board or gloss art paper, you could achieve very different results. If you are unsure about the final printed effect of reverse board, you should consider a ‘Wet Proof’ to ensure that the end result is how you envisage it to be.

Standard service charges

A PDF proof approval service is included in our package prices and our standard price list. We make sure your final print ready PDFs are prepared correctly. If we detect a problem that we are unable to correct, we will ask you to re-supply your artwork. We will do this once within the original quoted price, but if artwork is re-supplied incorrectly again, we will charge £30.00 + VAT to cover the extra time taken to analyse the PDF. Each further re-supply charge is £30.00 + VAT.

What WILL be checked?

• Greyscale and colour Images are over 300dpi.
• Bitmap images are at least 600dpi.
• Images are CMYK or greyscale.
• The ink coverage limits are correct.
• The document creates the correct number of plates.
• Bleed is included.
• Page size is correct or spec size is correct.
• Barcode is 1-colour and correct resolution, but not readability.
• All fonts are embedded.
• Text is over minimum size.

What WON'T be checked?

• Spelling, grammar or any written or image content.
• Design aspects of the artwork.
• Text legibility.
• Images printing poorly due to the quality of images being used.
• The page order of artwork.
• Text, including spine text, has the correct orientation.
• Image alignment across pages.

The reason we won’t check these is because these aspects of your artwork are subjective and we have to assume that you or your designer has made a conscious decision to design them in the way they are supplied.

Straight To-Press charges

In this instance PDFs are sent directly to the printers. Usually this is a time driven decision, however, if the files you supply are incorrect and are caught prior to printing you will be asked to re-supply and will be charged the £30.00 + VAT resupply charge.

Templates

We have supplier specific templates to cover all of the formats that Breed Media manufacture. Please contact your account manager or email info@breedmedia.co.uk (quoting your catalogue or job number) to obtain the correct template for your order.

We provide templates in Adobe in Design that are specifically set up to fit into our printers’ workflow. If you are designing your artwork in another program, such as Photoshop or Illustrator, then we can provide PDFs that clearly show the required specifications.

As there are such a wide array of different print formats available it is important that you use the specific templates we send for the job that you are ordering.

Delivery

Delivery Times

Delivery will normally take place on a working day (Monday-Friday) between 9am and 6pm. Large orders will be delivered via a pallet service or direct courier without any tracking information provided. If tracking information is available, we will be happy to pass this on so that you can manage your delivery. Although we hope to be as accurate as possible with you the delivery information we provide, sometimes delays can occur in transit that are completely out of our control and we cannot accept any responsibility for any losses or inconvenience that occur as a result of any delays.

Changing the delivery address or the day of delivery.

If we have provided tracking information, then the easiest way to arrange this is to contact the courier and manage your delivery direct with them. For vinyl orders that are sent on a pallet service, it may be possible for us to redirect delivery if we are notified within 1 working day of sending your dispatch confirmation. Please note that a surcharge will apply for any amendments to deliveries once they have dispatched, or unsuccessful deliveries to be reattempted.

CDSA and MCPS

CDSA Documentation

In practice, this means that Breed Media performs extra checks on copyright information on audio, data and artwork. We will require you to confirm that you own these copyrights and if not, it will require us to send label copy and licensing documentation together with your parts and/or data to the CD/DVD/Blu-Ray replication plant or vinyl pressing plant. Licensing documentation indicates that full rights are obtained for producing the specific audio and/or information data.

The program is designed to protect the rights of the owner of the sound recording and/or content and therefore differs from the Mechanical Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) who protect the rights of the writer and publisher. Therefore a valid MCPS license or indication of no claim from MCPS is required, but is not proof that you have the right to manufacture the sound recording or data.

Owned Repertoire Requirements

1. Purchase Order
2. Track listing/label copy with artist and song title or data.
3. Covering letter on headed paper saying artist is signed to your record label and the label owns the copyright.
4. If possible, a web address displaying details of your label and the artists.

Licensed Product Requirements

1. Purchase Order
2. Track listing/label copy with artist and song title or data.
3. First page of license displaying whom the license is between, valid dates, schedule of the license showing which tracks or data are licensed and signatures.

Unsigned Artist Requirements

1. Purchase Order
2. Track listing with artist and song title.
3. Letter explaining that the songs are yours and that you are releasing them yourself.
4. If possible, a web address displaying details of you and your songs.
5. Other proof (not MCPS) that you have the rights to manufacture CDs.

CD-ROM/Enhanced CD

1. Purchase Order
2. List identifying content (and track listing if enhanced CD) or letter indicating you are the copyright owner.
3. Valid licenses covering usage of programs such as QuickTime and Acrobat.
4. QuickTime Licence available form Apple.
5. Acrobat Licence from Adobe.
6. Visit CDSA where you can find detailed information about the program.

MCPS

Mechanical Copyright Protection Society (now PRS for Music)

Mechanical rights entitle you to earn money whenever a song or composition that you have written is reproduced. This includes when your works are recorded onto a physical product (such as a CD or audio-visual product), or listened to or downloaded off the internet.

Breed Media are PRS for Music recognized manufacturers and will not proceed with manufacturing unless we are fully satisfied that you have obtained a license, or have at least contacted PRS for Music to acquire a license. We, along with all recognised manufacturers, send monthly reports to PRS for Music for all discs manufactured.